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Review on Coffee Production and Quality in Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
208-213
Received:
21 October 2021
Accepted:
9 November 2021
Published:
17 November 2021
Abstract: Coffee is one of the world's most significant agricultural commodities. Ethiopia is the origin of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) and contains a diverse genetic pool. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of Ethiopian coffee production, production systems, and quality. Coffee production is critical to the Ethiopian economy, with around a quarter of the people relying on it directly or indirectly for survival. Ethiopia's main product, coffee, is the country's economic backbone. Ethiopian coffee output is between 400,000 and 550,000 metric tons per year, depending on weather and soil conditions. Coffee, Ethiopia's principal export, is the country's economic backbone with the majority growing in the country's south, southwest, and east. Ethiopia has four techniques of coffee production: forest coffee, semi-forest coffee, and forest coffee. Coffee quality is a yardstick for the coffee industry. Despite good climatic conditions and a diverse range of indigenous coffee cultivars, coffee quality has been dropping owing to a variety of inadequate pre-and post-harvest methods. Despite ideal climatic conditions and a diverse range of indigenous coffee kinds for quality development, coffee quality has been deteriorating owing to a variety of inadequate pre-and post-harvest practices. Lack of competitiveness, infrastructure, proper access to services, insufficient value addition, effective knowledge transfer and research, competitiveness, and unpredictability of rainfall are all major challenges to Ethiopian coffee production, and coffee marketing, pricing instability, and restricted market access have all been cited as major concerns. Enhancing infrastructure and institutional facilities, as well as upgrading coffee manufacturing techniques that include the introduction of new coffee varieties. As a result, enhancing coffee quality required the use of proper agronomic and climatic conditions, as well as the adoption of proven crop varieties.
Abstract: Coffee is one of the world's most significant agricultural commodities. Ethiopia is the origin of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) and contains a diverse genetic pool. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of Ethiopian coffee production, production systems, and quality. Coffee production is critical to the Ethiopian economy, with arou...
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Grain Yield Stability of Ethiopian Mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) Genotypes Using AMMI Analysis in the Highlands of Bale, Southeastern Ethiopia
Tadele Tadesse,
Amanuel Tekalign,
Belay Asmare
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
214-219
Received:
20 October 2021
Accepted:
9 November 2021
Published:
17 November 2021
Abstract: The presence of significant G*E for quantitative traits such as yield can seriously limit the feasibility of selecting superior genotypes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate grain yield stability and genotype X environment interaction for fifteen Ethiopian Mustard genotypes (Brassica carinata A. Braun) conducted in the highlands of Bale, Southeastern Ethiopia for three consecutive years (2018 to 2020) at two locations, Sinana and Agarfa. Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications was used. The combined analysis of variance for grain yield indicated highly significant interaction (P<0.01%) for genotypes, genotype X environment interaction, and environment. The analysis of variance for AMMI for grain yield revealed highly significant interaction for genotypes, genotypes X environment interaction, and environment. It was observed that 44.84% of the variation in grain yield was accounted by environment, 37.54% for genotypes by environments, and, 17.62% was for genotypes. The first and the second IPCA components with degree freedom of 34 was accounted for 67.64% of the interaction effect and revealed the two models were fit. Genotype G12, G11, G8, and G1 showed the lowest AMMI Stability Value (ASV) indicating stability. Furthermore, Genotypes G11, G12, G5, and G8 have the lowest GSI value indicating high stability. However, out of these genotypes, G11 showed a high mean grain yield with a yield advantage of 25.8% and showed the lowest GSI value compared to overall genotypes and the checks used in the study. Therefore, G11 was identified as a candidate genotype to be verified in the coming main season of 2022/23 for possible release for the highlands of bale zone, Southeastern Ethiopia, and similar agro-ecologies.
Abstract: The presence of significant G*E for quantitative traits such as yield can seriously limit the feasibility of selecting superior genotypes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate grain yield stability and genotype X environment interaction for fifteen Ethiopian Mustard genotypes (Brassica carinata A. Braun) conducted in the highlands of ...
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Evaluating Agronomic and Essential Oil of African Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) Varieties Intercropping with Tomato by Its Population Density at Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia
Wondimkun Dikr,
Desta Abayechaw
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
220-232
Received:
5 November 2021
Accepted:
25 November 2021
Published:
2 December 2021
Abstract: Intercropping of African marigolds between tomatoes protects the tomato plants from harmful root-knot nematodes in the soil and increase the marketable fruit yield of tomato by trapping different insects and pest attack and the like. Field experiment was conducted to assess effect of plant densities of intercropped African Marigold Varieties on yield related traits and yield of the associated crops and to evaluate the productivity and economic value of tomato and African marigold intercropping system, in southern parts of Ethiopia, at Wondo Genet Agricultural Research Center in 2017/18 cropping season. Three varieties of African marigold (AVT 001, AVT 540 and AVT 7063) at three population densities (PD) (25%, 50%, and 75%) were intercropped with tomato variety ‘Melk shola’. The three varieties of African marigold (AFM) and tomato were included as a sole for comparison. Randomized complete block design in factorial with three replications was used. The varieties of AFM significantly affected plant (PH), essential oil content (EOC) and essential oil yield (EOY). The tallest plant (55.36 cm) of AFM was due to AVT 001 than other varieties. Variety AVT 540 gave the highest EOC (0.21) and EOY (7.55 kg ha-1) than other two varieties. Sole planted African marigold produced significantly higher (55.73) number of fresh flowers per plant than the intercropped (50.04). Cropping system was significantly affected number of branch (NBPP) and number of fresh flowers per plant (NFFPP). The highest NBPP (24.91) and NFFPP (55.73) were obtained from sole planting of AFM. The highest NBPP (23.15) and NFFPP (50.07) were recorded from 50% PD. of AFM. The highest fresh flower yield (45,860 kg ha-1), dry flower weight per hectare (5,360 kg ha-1), EOC (0.17) and EOY (9.36 kg ha-1) were due to 75% PD. The highest (0.84) partial land equivalent ratio (LER) of tomato and total LER (1.43) were due to 50% PD. The highest value of monetary advantage index (37,225 ETB ha-1) was due to 50% PD. Therefore, any of the three African marigold varieties at 50% PD could be recommended for intercropping with tomato.
Abstract: Intercropping of African marigolds between tomatoes protects the tomato plants from harmful root-knot nematodes in the soil and increase the marketable fruit yield of tomato by trapping different insects and pest attack and the like. Field experiment was conducted to assess effect of plant densities of intercropped African Marigold Varieties on yie...
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Effect of Integrated Use of Coffee Husk Compost and NPS Fertilizer on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Yield of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) at Haru, Ethiopia
Gemechu Chali,
Tesfaye Wakgari
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
233-244
Received:
16 November 2021
Accepted:
11 December 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: Integrated application of inorganic and organic fertilizers is the main sources for replenishing plant nutrients in agricultural soils. However, selecting the optimum combination of these resources based on soil type and crop species is necessary. In this context, field experiment was conducted at Haru research center to assess the effect of coffee husk Compost and NPS Fertilizer on soil physicochemical properties and Yield of coffee in 2018/2019. The treatments were the different rates of both compost and NPS fertilizers laid out in randomized complete block design. The results of the study showed that combined application of coffee husk compost and NPS fertilizers were improved soil moisture and total porosity over control, while, bulk density was decreased below the control. Combined application of coffee husk compost at (7.5 t ha-1) and mineral NPS fertilizer at (50 kg ha-1) has better improved yield of coffee crop. The experimental yield of Manasibu variety for present study from the station was 1.59 t ha-1. Therefore, based on the result of the study it can be concluded that under condition of low soil pH of study area the availability of essential nutrients (e.g. P, N, K, Ca, Mg, and Mo) are critically affected. This indicates that the strong acid pH values at Haru Research sub-center require more attention. Moreover, the low levels of CEC, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and available P contents at study area soils confirm that soil fertility is among the constraints for sustainable coffee production in the Haru district. In response to this application of integrated NPS fertilizer and coffee husk compost with different rates improved soil physicochemical properties and coffee yield. The study recommended that the use of 7.5 t ha-1 coffee husk compost and 50 kg ha-1 of NPS fertilizer can be the best alternative integrated soil fertility management option in place of the sole application of inorganic fertilizers at study area tentatively. Nevertheless, in order to give conclusive recommendation further research studies are needed for more soil types and coffee crop varieties.
Abstract: Integrated application of inorganic and organic fertilizers is the main sources for replenishing plant nutrients in agricultural soils. However, selecting the optimum combination of these resources based on soil type and crop species is necessary. In this context, field experiment was conducted at Haru research center to assess the effect of coffee...
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Soil Acidity Challenges to Crop Production in Ethiopian Highlands and Management Strategic Options for Mitigating Soil Acidity for Enhancing Crop Productivity
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
245-261
Received:
11 November 2021
Accepted:
8 December 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: Soil degradation is the primary restriction affecting many developing countries' agricultural systems. Ethiopia is a developing country in horn Africa that is severely challenged by soil degradation issues. The main processes of soil deterioration are acidification and salinization. Furthermore, soil acidity is one of the primary reasons obstructing and preventing lucrative and sustainable agricultural productivity in many African countries as well as many other regions of the world. Soil acidity problems have hampered sustainable agricultural productivity in practically all productive areas in Ethiopia. The main goal of the seminar is to highlight the problems of soil acidity to agricultural production in Ethiopia's highlands, as well as management strategies for alleviating soil acidity and increasing crop output. Soil acidity affects over half of Ethiopia's arable land. Strong acid soils cover more than half of the arable land affected by soil acidity. Researchers discovered two primary reasons that limit acidic soil fertility: the presence of phytotoxicity substances and nutrient shortage. Numerous strategic soil acid management plans have been created to address these issues in the country's highlands.. Several studies have been undertaken on soil management, which influences the physiochemical qualities of the soil and crop productivity in various ways. Thus, the primary goal of this seminar is to emphasize various literatures on the ideas of soil acidity, its causes and extents in highland areas of the country, as well as its impacts on soil and crop productivity through strategic management strategies. Many findings suggested that liming and ISFM improved soil physiochemical parameters such as soil texture, pH, accessible P, exchangeable acidity, organic carbon, exchangeable cation, cation exchange capacity, and crop yield and productivity.
Abstract: Soil degradation is the primary restriction affecting many developing countries' agricultural systems. Ethiopia is a developing country in horn Africa that is severely challenged by soil degradation issues. The main processes of soil deterioration are acidification and salinization. Furthermore, soil acidity is one of the primary reasons obstructin...
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The Current Constraints and Opportunities of Beekeeping in Ethiopia: A Review
Siraj Shek Mohammed,
Abdi Hassen
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
262-268
Received:
19 November 2021
Accepted:
17 December 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: The goal of this article was to summarize beekeeping's constraints and potential in Ethiopia. Beekeeping techniques and some of the roles of this sector in Ethiopia's economy will be covered in this article. Ethiopia is one of the countries with a large honey- producing potential in Africa. Currently, there are three main classifications of the honey production system in Ethiopia; these are traditional (forest and backyard), transitional (intermediate) and modern (frame honeycomb) systems. Despite the challenges and limitations, Ethiopia has the largest bee population in Africa with more than 10 million bee colonies, of which 5-7.5 million are clustered together while the rest exist in a state of disrepair. wild Thai. The country has the potential to produce up to 500,000 tonnes of honey annually. But currently, the production is limited to 53,000 to 58,000 tons of honey. Ethiopia has an even greater potential than the current honey production due to its many bee sources such as natural forests with a complete bee system, water resources and a high number of existing bee colonies. Lack of a well-trained workforce, honey bee pests and diseases, high cost and limited availability of modern beekeeping equipment and inappropriate use of pesticides are some of the main constraints hindering the profession. Ethiopian beekeeping reaches its full production potential. Beekeeping plays an important role in increasing and diversifying the income of smallholder farmers in Ethiopia, especially those who have small plots of land and landless. To significantly improve the beekeeping sub-sector, the government and relevant development partners must collaborate to organize and promote forums on how to improve this industry and realize its full potential.
Abstract: The goal of this article was to summarize beekeeping's constraints and potential in Ethiopia. Beekeeping techniques and some of the roles of this sector in Ethiopia's economy will be covered in this article. Ethiopia is one of the countries with a large honey- producing potential in Africa. Currently, there are three main classifications of the hon...
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Assessment of Existing Irrigation Practice in Guji Zone of Mid and Low-Land of Southern Oromia, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
269-279
Received:
26 July 2021
Accepted:
9 August 2021
Published:
25 December 2021
Abstract: Irrigation survey was conducted in lowland and midlands of Guji zone of Southern Oromia, to generate information on irrigation activities as a zone in low and mid-land agro ecologies. The studies were conducted in selected representative areas of Adola Rede, Liban, Odo Shakiso, Seba Boru, and Wadera districts. In sampling techniques the cluster sampling techniques was applied, depending on the agro-ecologies of the districts. In two agro-ecologies five districts were selected, three of them were categorized under low-lands and two under mid-lands. From each districts two to three representative PA`s were randomly selected. From each selected PA`s of the district’s 30 households were taken as respondents. Among them 15 person were householders used irrigation in each selected PA`s, 15 person were householders not used irrigation are interviewed in doing this survey, 18 person were agricultural and irrigation office expert and thirteen (13) development agents are participated in doing questionnaires (31 key informants). Questionnaire distribution for key informants such as experts and DA’s, personal interview for farmers and field visit were used to gather the data. Both primary and secondary data were collected. Soil samples were taken from the representative selected PA’s in each districts at the area under irrigation those selected for research and was analyzed in the laboratory to collect parameters such as: - soil ph, soil texture (soil type), soil organic carbon (organic matter), total nitrogen, available p, exchangeable K, Ca, Mg, Na and CEC. The major findings of the research were come up with both opportunities and constraints to expand irrigation farming. And the result shows there were more constraints compared to the opportunities as the study areas. These were more common in lowland than midland.
Abstract: Irrigation survey was conducted in lowland and midlands of Guji zone of Southern Oromia, to generate information on irrigation activities as a zone in low and mid-land agro ecologies. The studies were conducted in selected representative areas of Adola Rede, Liban, Odo Shakiso, Seba Boru, and Wadera districts. In sampling techniques the cluster sam...
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Effect of Sulfur and Bradyrhizobium Inoculation on Nodulation and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max L.) on Nitisols of Southwestern Ethiopia
Habetamu Getinet,
Gebreslassie Hailu,
Hirut Birhanu
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
280-287
Received:
19 October 2021
Accepted:
17 November 2021
Published:
29 December 2021
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted at Jimma Agricultural Research Center (JARC) during 2017/18 growing season to evaluate the effect of integrated use of Bradyrhizobium strain and sulfur fertilization on nodulation and yield of soybean. The experiment consisted of four levels of S (0, 20, 30 and 40 kg ha-1) and three Bradyrhizobium strains (MAR-1495, SB-12 and Murdock) arranged factorially in completely randomized block design (RCBD) with three replications. Grain and straw yield increased due to inoculation of Bradyrhizobium strain whether used alone or in combination with S. Nodulation, parameters (nodule number per plant and nodule dry weight) and number of pods per plant were highly significantly influenced due to combined use of Bradyrhizobium strains with sulfur fertilization. The yield and yield components namely (grain yield, hundred seed weight, biomass yield and harvest index) were highly significantly (P < 0.01) affected by individual application of sulfur and inoculation of Bradyrhizobium strains alone. Accordingly, the highest grain yield (1496.35 kg ha-1) was obtained from application of S at a rate of 30 kg ha-1 corresponding 30.96% yield advantages compared with control and 1548.55 kg ha-1 grain yield was recorded due to inoculation with Murdock strain corresponding to 30.32% increase over MAR-1495 strain. The results clearly suggested that proper application of S along with Bradyrhizobium strain affect nodulation, grain and straw yield of soybean.
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted at Jimma Agricultural Research Center (JARC) during 2017/18 growing season to evaluate the effect of integrated use of Bradyrhizobium strain and sulfur fertilization on nodulation and yield of soybean. The experiment consisted of four levels of S (0, 20, 30 and 40 kg ha-1) and three Bradyrhizobium strains (MAR-1495,...
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