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Water Supply Efficiency of Brought for Phenological Stages on a Few Morpho-Physiological Parameters of the Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)
Aïcha Megherbi-Benali,
Zoheir Mehdadi,
Fawzia Toumi-Benali,
Laid Hamel,
Mohamed Benyahia
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2014
Pages:
439-446
Received:
27 August 2014
Accepted:
15 November 2014
Published:
20 November 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.aff.20140306.11
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Abstract: Our work consists in quantify the benefits effects of a water supply brought to different phenological phases on the durum wheat yield and morpho-physiological traits associated to it. For this purpose, two tests are performed in the field: the first conducted under rainfed conditions and the second with the addition of water at 50 mm tillering and heading, and 60 mm during the filling phase grain. Results obtained for first trial confirm poor performance in the rainfed treatment compared with the irrigated treatment for all measured characters. However, the effect is more or less significant, depending on the caseon account of difference of the period for elaboration of each component of yield.
Abstract: Our work consists in quantify the benefits effects of a water supply brought to different phenological phases on the durum wheat yield and morpho-physiological traits associated to it. For this purpose, two tests are performed in the field: the first conducted under rainfed conditions and the second with the addition of water at 50 mm tillering and...
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Beeswax Production and Marketing in Ethiopia: Challenges in Value Chain
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2014
Pages:
447-451
Received:
24 November 2014
Accepted:
5 December 2014
Published:
16 December 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.aff.20140306.12
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Abstract: Beeswax is one of the most valuable and oldest bee products to be used by mankind and still being used in the development of new products in various fields such as cosmetics, foods, pharmaceuticals, engineering and industry. Ethiopia has huge apicultural resources that made it the leading beeswax producer in Africa, and one of the important beeswax exporter to the world market. In Ethiopia apicultural research is being conducted in a coordinated manner under the national agricultural research system. Hence, a lot of information have been gathered on different aspects of the beekeeping. This work is a review of various research results from published and unpublished data over a long period of time in the area of beeswax production, chemical analysis, marketing and value chain studies in Ethiopia. Despite the country’s huge potential for production of high quality beeswax, only less than 10% of the beeswax produced is exported. The beeswax production and processing practices use traditional and inefficient techniques that leave significant amount of beeswax resource unutilized. The marketing channel for beeswax in the country is also entangled with challenges related to uneasy traceability and adulteration that are affecting both the local and international trade.
Abstract: Beeswax is one of the most valuable and oldest bee products to be used by mankind and still being used in the development of new products in various fields such as cosmetics, foods, pharmaceuticals, engineering and industry. Ethiopia has huge apicultural resources that made it the leading beeswax producer in Africa, and one of the important beeswax...
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In Vitro Germination and Direct Shoot Induction of Yeheb (Cordeauxia Edulis Hemsl.)
Yohannes Seyoum,
Firew Mekbib
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2014
Pages:
452-458
Received:
21 November 2014
Accepted:
4 December 2014
Published:
18 December 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.aff.20140306.13
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Abstract: ‘Yeheb’ (Cordeauxia edulis Hemsl) is a multipurpose and evergreen shrub and endemic to southeastern corner of Ethiopia and Somalia. It is adapted to low and irregular rainfall and survives a very long dry season. It has enormous economic and food security role to the pastoralist of Somali in Ethiopia. However, the plant is threatened with extinction due to overexploitation and its’ poor natural regeneration capacity. In addition, ‘yeheb’ is usually reported having limited reproductive capacities and often have very specific and limited conditions for seed germination, flowering and seed shelf life. Therefore, to overcome these propagation challenges, an experiment was conducted with the aim of developing a protocol for the in vitro regeneration of ‘yeheb’ from cotyledonary node. The result of these studies revealed that seed was washed by 5% sodium hypochlorite for ten min in aseptic condition found to be more effective in surface sterilization. The sterilized seed cultured on half strength of Gamborg (B5) medium was found to be the most suitable medium for germination (26.67%).The highest shoot initiation percentage (89 % of explants produces shoots), number of shoots per explant and number of leaf per shoot were obtained from cotyledonary node explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 2.00 mg. l-1 N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) within nine weeks. While, the highest shoot length and shoot fresh weight were recorded from control (free BAP) and 6.00 mg. l-1 BAP, respectively. The highest shoot multiplication (4.56 number of shoot induced) and elongation (2.97cm) were obtained from the induced shoot were cut and placed on MS media supplemented with 2.00 mg. l 1BAP+6.00 mg. l-1of gibberellic acid (GA3) and free BAP+6.00 mg. l-1 of GA3, respectively. The elongated shoots were transferred to different media supplemented with various types and levels of hormones but none of them induced root. As a conclusion, this is the first attempt for direct in vitro regeneration of C. edulis and permissible result for cryopreservation.
Abstract: ‘Yeheb’ (Cordeauxia edulis Hemsl) is a multipurpose and evergreen shrub and endemic to southeastern corner of Ethiopia and Somalia. It is adapted to low and irregular rainfall and survives a very long dry season. It has enormous economic and food security role to the pastoralist of Somali in Ethiopia. However, the plant is threatened with extinctio...
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Characteristics of Indigenous Mycorrhiza of Weeds on Marginal Dry Land in South Konawe, Indonesia
Halim,
Fransiscus S. Rembon,
Aminuddin Mane Kandari,
Resman,
Asrul Sani
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2014
Pages:
459-463
Received:
28 November 2014
Accepted:
14 December 2014
Published:
19 December 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.aff.20140306.14
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Abstract: South Konawe is one of the areas that have the potential for the development of marginal farming dry land, which is wide enough, with a predominance of Ultisol type. In such area, more than 80% of farming communities who are dependent on the farming activities are still conventional to characterize the shifting cultivation. In many cases, most weeds that grow in their land are always considered to be destructing and disturbing the human interests, both during the land clearing and after the fields abandoned. On the other hand, the presence of weeds can be useful for the growth of plant as it provides benefits against microorganisms. One of the microorganisms which is associated with roots of weed is mycorrhiza. This study aims to determine the characteristics of indigenous mycorrhiza being present on dry weeds from marginal land. This study was conducted from May to November 2013 in South Konawe, Indonesia. The result shows that two types of indigenous mycorrhiza were present on the marginal dry land; Glomus sp and Gigaspora sp. The highest percentage of indigenous mycorrhiza infection was found in the roots of weeds Amaranthus gracilis and Sida rhombifolia, each of which by 90%. The presence of the vesicles and internal hyphae on the roots of weeds indicate the indigenous mycorrhiza infection.
Abstract: South Konawe is one of the areas that have the potential for the development of marginal farming dry land, which is wide enough, with a predominance of Ultisol type. In such area, more than 80% of farming communities who are dependent on the farming activities are still conventional to characterize the shifting cultivation. In many cases, most weed...
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Induction of Callus and Somatic Embryogenesis from Cotyledon and Leaf Explants of Yeheb (Cordeauxia edulis Hemsl)
Yohannes Seyoum,
Firew Mekbib,
Adefris Teklewold,
Belayneh Admassu,
Dawit Beyene,
Zelalem Fisseha
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2014
Pages:
464-468
Received:
23 November 2014
Accepted:
11 December 2014
Published:
22 December 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.aff.20140306.15
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Abstract: ‘Yeheb’ (Cordeauxia edulis Hemsl) is a multipurpose and evergreen shrub and endemic to southeastern corner of Ethiopia and Somalia. It is adapted to low and irregular rainfall and survives a very long dry season. It has enormous economic and food security roles to the pastoralist of Somali Region State in Ethiopia. However, the plant is threatened with extinction due to over exploitation and its’ poor natural regeneration capacity. The aim of this was to explore the potential for in vitro rapid regeneration of ‘yeheb’ from cotyledon and leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 1.0 – 8.0 mg l-1concentrations of 2, 4-D for callus induction and 2.0 and 3.0 mg l-1concentration of N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), thidiazuron (TDZ) and kinetin (Kin) with combination of 4.0 mg l-1 of 2, 4-Dichlorophenyl acetic acid (2, 4-D) for embryo induction. The result of these studies revealed that the highest percentage of callus induction (89%) were obtained from both leaf and cotyledon explants on MS media supplemented with 4.00 and 8.00 mg l-1 2, 4-D, respectively. The highest percentage of embryo regeneration responses (88.89 and 77.78%) were obtained from leaf and cotyledon explants on same media: MS media supplemented by 3.00 mg l-1 TDZ +4.00 mg l-1 2, 4-D. As a conclusion; this is the first attempt for callus and embryo in vitro regeneration of C. edulis and permissible result for mass propagation and cryopreservation.
Abstract: ‘Yeheb’ (Cordeauxia edulis Hemsl) is a multipurpose and evergreen shrub and endemic to southeastern corner of Ethiopia and Somalia. It is adapted to low and irregular rainfall and survives a very long dry season. It has enormous economic and food security roles to the pastoralist of Somali Region State in Ethiopia. However, the plant is threatened ...
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The Ecological Status and Uses of Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Pierre and Gnetum Species around the Lobeke National Park in Cameroon
Roseline Gusua Caspa,
Isaac Roger Tchouamo,
Jean-Pierre Mate Mweru,
Joseph Mbang Amang
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2014
Pages:
469-480
Received:
3 December 2014
Accepted:
19 December 2014
Published:
27 December 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.aff.20140306.16
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Abstract: Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Pierre (Euphorbiaceae), Gnetum buchholzianum Engl. and Gnetum africanum Welw. (Gnetaceae) are among the major species of non timber forest products (NTFPs) of the Lobeke National Park (LNP). The growing demand for these products has led to an increase in exploitation; but no information exists on the status of the resource base. There is equally very little information on the importance of these resources to the local population. A survey was conducted in 152 households to get the perception of locals on the availability and use of these resources in the Lobeke landscape. An inventory was also conducted to determine the abundance of the species in three forest systems including protected area, production forest and agroforest. Productivity of Ricinodendron heudelotii was assessed by counting fruits from fifteen trees in each forest system. 88 % of respondents collected Ricinodendron heudelotii, mostly for sale and earned between 69300 and 1002000 FCFA per year. All respondents collected Gnetum leaves, and up to 35 % of collectors solely for consumption. Sale of Gnetum leaves ranged from 200 to 9200 FCFA per week. 99 % of collectors thought that the quantity of Gnetum in the wild has reduced over the years while Ricinodendron heudelotii is still abundant. There were more trees of Ricinodendron heudelotii in the production forest and agroforest than in the protected area. No significant difference was observed in mean diameter at breast height (DBH) of trees in all forest systems. Mean number of fruits was significantly higher for trees in the agroforest than for those in the production forest and protected area. A significantly higher number of Gnetum buchholzianum vines was observed in the production forest than in the agroforest and protected area while the growth of Gnetum buchholzianum seedlings were significantly lower in the agroforest than in the protected area and production forest which showed no significant difference. The presence of productive individuals of Ricinodendron heudelotii is an indication that the resource will be available for some time but the near absence of younger individuals is unfavorable for the perpetuity of the species. It is recommended that the local population be sensitized on the importance of domesticating these species and trained on appropriate techniques to propagate and incorporate them into suitable agro systems.
Abstract: Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Pierre (Euphorbiaceae), Gnetum buchholzianum Engl. and Gnetum africanum Welw. (Gnetaceae) are among the major species of non timber forest products (NTFPs) of the Lobeke National Park (LNP). The growing demand for these products has led to an increase in exploitation; but no information exists on the status of the ...
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Fertilizer, Lime and Manure Amendments for Ultisols Formed on Coastal Plain Sands of Southern Nigeria
Ayodele O. J.,
Shittu O. S.
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2014
Pages:
481-488
Received:
24 November 2014
Accepted:
22 December 2014
Published:
27 December 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.aff.20140306.17
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Abstract: The highly weathered and leached soils formed on Coastal Plain Sands under excessive rainfall regime in southern Nigeria are Ultisols. The appropriate management practices with which to obtain high crop yields in these soils, characterized by high acidity, nutrient deficiencies and imbalances, should be developed. Surface layer (0-15 cm) samples of soils with extreme acidity (pH 4.0-4.6) formed on Coastal Plain Sands were collected from four locations in southern Nigeria and grown to maize (SUWAN 1-SR-Y) in pots for two cycles of six weeks each to measure the direct and residual effects of applied fertilizer (90 kg N+ 36 kg P+ 60 kg K.ha-1), 2.5 MT.ha-1 lime, 10 MT.ha-1 farm yard manure (FYM) compared to a control. The direct effect of FYM produced the highest dry matter yield while fertilizer and lime did not differ significantly from the control. The residual effects were significant in dry matter yield for FYM in all the soils and for lime in three soils. Lime and FYM increased soil pH and exchangeable bases, reduced iron, manganese and aluminium; fertilizer and FYM raised available P while only FYM increased soil organic matter contents. Application of lime, fertilizer and FYM in all possible combinations compared to the control in one soil showed that FYM + Fertilizer gave the highest maize dry matter yield, improved soil characteristics and would be the recommended nutrient management practice for these acid soils.
Abstract: The highly weathered and leached soils formed on Coastal Plain Sands under excessive rainfall regime in southern Nigeria are Ultisols. The appropriate management practices with which to obtain high crop yields in these soils, characterized by high acidity, nutrient deficiencies and imbalances, should be developed. Surface layer (0-15 cm) samples of...
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Dynamics of Soil Fertility as Influenced by Different Land Use Systems and Soil Depth in West Showa Zone, Gindeberet District, Ethiopia
Lechisa Takele,
Achalu Chimdi,
Alemayehu Abebaw
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2014
Pages:
489-494
Received:
18 December 2014
Accepted:
28 December 2014
Published:
8 January 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.aff.20140306.18
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Abstract: Land use change from natural forest to cultivated land, grazing land and subsequent changes in soil physicochemical properties was widespread in Ethiopia. Thus, assessing land use-induced changes in soil properties are essential for addressing the issues of agro-ecosystem transformation and sustainable land productivity. The aim of the study was to determine selected soil physicochemical properties of forest land, cultivated land and grazing land and make investigation among the soil properties. Standard procedures were employed for the analyses of soil parameters. One way ANOVA was employed to compare the soil parameters at particular and overall soil depth. Textural class of all land use types was clay indicating similarity in parent materials distribution of bulk density in all soil depths of cultivated land were higher compared to both forest and grazing land. Soil moisture content was significantly increasing with increasing soil depths. The highest soil pH in all soil depth was observed under forest land compared to both grazing and cultivated land. The highest soil OM contents were observed in the surface soils (0-10 cm) of forest land while least Figures were from subsurface (10-20 cm) layers of the cultivated land. TN, CEC, exchangeable (Ca, Na and Mg) of the forest land soil were improved when compared with both cultivated and grazing land soil.
Abstract: Land use change from natural forest to cultivated land, grazing land and subsequent changes in soil physicochemical properties was widespread in Ethiopia. Thus, assessing land use-induced changes in soil properties are essential for addressing the issues of agro-ecosystem transformation and sustainable land productivity. The aim of the study was to...
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